Let’s Encrypt 免费 HTTPS 证书申请

lets-encrypt

我博客使用的是 Let’s Encrypt 的证书,为什么要用他呢?免费啊!而且还很方便,官网上写了这样一句话:

Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open Certificate Authority。

之前想整理下申请过程的,可是一直没时间,现在来写一下叭。其实 Let’s Encrypt 申请使用过程很简单的。

01. 生成身份密钥

mkdir /opt/cert/ && cd /opt/cert    # 后面的操作都在此目录进行
openssl genrsa 4096 > account.key

02. 生成域名密钥

openssl genrsa 4096 > domain.key

创建 csr 文件:

openssl req -new -sha256 -key domain.key -subj "/" -reqexts SAN -config <(cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf <(printf "[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:sxyz.blog,DNS:www.sxyz.blog,DNS:att.sxyz.blog")) > domain.csr

如果提示 cat: /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf: No such file or directory ,那么换成下面的试下:

openssl req -new -sha256 -key domain.key -subj "/" -reqexts SAN -config <(cat /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf <(printf "[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:sxyz.blog,DNS:www.sxyz.blog,DNS:att.sxyz.blog")) > domain.csr

03. 验证配置

Let’s Encrypt 的域名所有权验证方式是请求你的域名下面的某个文件,所以这里需要配置一下 Nginx 让其能够请求的到。

创建个目录作为验证时的请求目录:

mkdir -p /var/www/challenges

配置 Nginx:

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name sxyz.blog www.sxyz.blog att.sxyz.blog;

  location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
    alias /var/www/challenges/;
    try_files $uri =404;
  }
}

04. 获取证书

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/diafygi/acme-tiny/master/acme_tiny.py
python acme_tiny.py --account-key ./account.key --csr ./domain.csr --acme-dir /var/www/challenges/ > ./signed.crt

05. 使用证书

wget -O - https://letsencrypt.org/certs/lets-encrypt-x3-cross-signed.pem > intermediate.pem
cat signed.crt intermediate.pem > chained.pem

Nginx https 配置:

server {
  listen 443;
  server_name sxyz.blog www.sxyz.blog att.sxyz.blog;

  ssl on;
  ssl_certificate /opt/cert/chained.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /opt/cert/domain.key;
  ssl_session_timeout 5m;
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA;
  ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
  #ssl_dhparam /path/to/server.dhparam;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
}

06. 配置自动更新

证书申请后有效期仅有 90 天,所以要配置自动更新证书。

# 创建脚本并添加执行权限
touch acme_tiny.sh
chmod a+x acme_tiny.sh

脚本内容为:

#!/bin/bash

python /opt/cert/acme_tiny.py --account-key /opt/cert/account.key --csr /opt/cert/domain.csr --acme-dir /var/www/challenges/ > /tmp/signed.crt || exit
wget -O - https://letsencrypt.org/certs/lets-encrypt-x3-cross-signed.pem > intermediate.pem
cat /tmp/signed.crt intermediate.pem > /opt/cert/pchained.pem

# 重新读入配置
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

添加到 crontab 中:

crontab -e
0 0 1 * * cd /opt/cert/ && ./renew_cert.sh 2>> /var/log/acme_tiny.log